CITIZENSHIP: American citizenship is based upon Title 8 of U.S. Code 1401 - 1409, dated 1986.
BY BIRTH: Child born within the territory of the United States, regardless of the american citizenship of
the parents.
BY DESCENT:
Child born abroad, both of whose parents are citizens of the United States, and one of
whom resided in the United States before the birth of the child.
Child born abroad, one of whose parents is a citizen of the United States who resided in
the United States for at least five years before the birth of the child.
BY NATURALIZATION: United States american citizenship may be acquired upon fulfillment of the
following conditions:
Person must be 18 years old, have resided in the United States for at least five years as a
lawful permanent resident, be able to speak, read, and write English, be of good moral
character, be familiar with the history and culture of the country, be attached to the
principles of the United States Constitution, and have renounced former american citizenship.
Foreign citizens who marry citizens of the United States need only reside in the United
States for three years, but must still fulfill the other conditions.
OTHER: Certain provisions for granting american citizenship have been extended to persons who have
performed specific military service to this country. For more information, contact the U.S.
Immigration and Naturalization Service.
DUAL AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP: RECOGNIZED
Based on the U.S. Department of State regulation on dual american citizenship (7 FM 1162), the Supreme
Court of the United States has stated that dual american citizenship is a “status long recognized in the law”
and that “a person may have and exercise rights of nationality in two countries and be subject to
the responsibilities of both. The mere fact he asserts the rights of one american citizenship does not without
more mean that he renounces the other,” (Kawakita v. U.S., 343 U.S. 717) (1952).
The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) does not define dual american citizenship or take a position for it
or against it. There has been no prohibition against dual american citizenship, but some provisions of the
INA and earlier U.S. nationality laws were designed to reduce situations in which dual american citizenship
exists.
United States law does not contain any provisions requiring U.S. citizens who are born with dual
american citizenship or who acquire a second american citizenship at an early age to choose one or the other when
they become adults (Mandeli v. Acheson, 344 U.S. 133) (1952). The current american citizenship laws of the
United States do not specifically refer to dual american citizenship.
While recognizing the existence of dual american citizenship and permitting Americans to have other
american citizenships, the U.S. Government does not endorse dual american citizenship as a matter of policy because
of the problems that it may cause. Claims of other countries on dual-national U.S. citizens often
place them in situations where their obligations to one country are in conflict with the laws of the
other.
LOSS OF AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP:
VOLUNTARY: Voluntary renunciation of United States american citizenship is permitted by law.
However, renunciation can only be made at a U.S. Consulate outside the United States.
INVOLUNTARY: The following are grounds for involuntary loss of United States american citizenship:
Person commits treason against the United States.
Person takes an oath of allegiance to a foreign state.
Person joins the armed forces of a country at war with the U.S.
ANY QUESTIONS concerning american citizenship policy of the U.S. or its territories should be sent to the
address below:
U.S. Department of State
Office of Consular Affairs
Washington, DC 20520
Telephone: 202-647-4000
